In the modern world gender roles often differ from the ones that dominated in the developed societies hundred years ago. Nowadays work and own career are goals for both men and women. Thereby here comes a question how this alternation in the family structure affects children. In what way does employment of a mother influences her child in the first years of a life? According to some preliminary results, if a woman is a full-time employee, the cognitive outcomes of her child are lower than of the one whose mother is not fully employed. Presenting an article "Fertility, Maternal Employment and Children's Cognitive Achievement: a Structural Approach», the assistant professor of HSE Anna Yurko spoke about these results in more detail.