Публикации

Цель учебника — представить наиболее полно современную теорию эконо- мики здравоохранения, тенденции развития этой области экономики, основные проблемы и практические подходы к их решению. В него включены разделы, по- священные формированию спроса и предложения на рынке медицинских услуг, особенностям изъянов этого рынка, проблемам построения систем обязатель- ного и добровольного медицинского страхования, институциональным формам учреждений здравоохранения, вопросам занятости и оплаты труда медицинско- го персонала, развитию фармацевтического рынка и его регулированию, мето- дам оценки эффективности программ здравоохранения, мировым тенденциям в развитии здравоохранения и др. Теоретическое изложение материала иллюстри- ровано как зарубежными примерами, так и данными по российской экономике, результатами собственных исследований авторов. Издание адресовано студентам высших учебных заведений, специализирую- щимся в области государственного и муниципального управления, организации и экономики здравоохранения. Оно может быть также полезным практическим работникам отрасли здравоохранения: руководителям органов управления и ме- дицинских учреждений, страховщикам, экономистам.

This paper analyses the spatial patterns of internal migration in Russia using data on net migration gain/loss in 2200 municipal formations (MFs) in Russia for the 2012–2013 period. These MFs are grouped into age categories that correspond with different life-course stages. We define 16 classes of MFs with similar migration balance patterns for multiple age groups and characterize the most typical classes. The results of our analysis show that age-specific migration patterns are determined by the spatial characteristics of MFs—in particular, a municipality’s localization in the centreperiphery system and the advantages of the geographic location (e.g., resort area, natural resources). We find that a city’s population size and administrative status are also important migration factors. In addition, we reveal differences in inter-regional and intra-regional migration and define their structural characteristics. An analysis of age-specific net migration contributes to our understanding of internal migration factors and allows us to assess the impact of migration on a municipality’s age structure. In large cities and regional centres, migration results in younger populations, while in peripheral areas, it speeds up population ageing. In most of the MFs that we analysed, the migration of youth and adults ‘moves’ in opposite directions. This factor accelerates the impact of migration on the population age structure in areas of destination and origin and significantly influences a municipality’s current and prospective demographic parameters as well as the population’s patterns of settlement and spatial concentration or de-concentration both nationally and regionally.

This paper explores the relationship between socioeconomic factors—particularly, the rate of time preferences and alcohol consumption in Russia. The rate of time preferences shows an individual’s willingness to delay the utility from consumption to future periods of time. The relationship between this rate and indicators of alcohol consumption is examined separately for men and women. We find significant differences in men’s and women’s patterns of consumption of alcohol. Our findings suggest that the rate of time preferences, along with age, educational level, income, place of residence, and health substantially, affects an individual’s decision to drink alcohol. We show that employment status is endogenous to alcohol consumption and that estimating a system of binary equations is necessary.

The paper analyzes the impact of nighttime alcohol trade restrictions in regions of Russia on the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Evaluation has been carried out based on the regional Rosstat data and individual data of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey by the HSE for 2009–2010. Econometric analysis has revealed a positive correlation between the amount of consumed alcohol and the duration of the allowed time for alcohol sales in the region. In addition, it has been found that night restrictions are more efficient than morning restrictions in the context of a decrease in alcohol consumption. The obtained results indicate the expediency of further tightening of the restrictive policy.

Internal net-migration rates in Russia are negatively correlated with regional labour shares in mining. In order to explain this phenomenon theoretically and empirically, Crozet’s (J Econ Geogr 4:439–458, 2004) theoretical model is augmented by the mining of natural resources to allow for exogenous market developments and spatially bounded production. The model is directly transformed into an econometric panel specification and tested for 78 Russian regions for the observation period 2004–2010. The empirical results show that the mining of natural resources attracts internal migrants, while regional price-indexes have unexpected positive effects.

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) standards are generally accepted by 46 countries in the world (28 jurisdictions). However, these countries differ in terms of details of standards’ implementation, i.e. national discretions take place. In 2012 the Basel Committee launched Regulatory Compliance Assessment Program (RCAP) to assure that all member states operate according to rules at least not softer than the original ones. Standards’ unification across countries results in need for less developed countries to adopt standards faster and in a more stringent form. One may foresee financial instability exacerbation as an outcome of such policy.

That is why paper objective is to demonstrate that standards’ implementation (RCAP) score is an implicit product of country’s macroeconomic and financial system development. For example, higher share of foreign banks and higher unemployment are strongly associated with countries that have regulation significantly different from the Basel original ones (having low compliance scores finally). This is exactly why standards should be differentiated by countries. Key message of the paper is that to promote financial stability regulator should target natural heterogeneity of risk management and risk regulation instead of that appealing artificial homogeneity (of which RCAP is one the examples).

December 19, 2016, saw three tragedies simultaneously, that could not go unnoticed by the Russian media: dozens of people died as a result of a surrogate alcohol poisoning in Irkutsk, a Russian ambassador was killed in Turkey, and a terrorist attack took place at the Christmas market in Berlin. In this article using the network agenda theory we analyze how these tragedies were covered by various types of mass media: on 11 federal TV channels, in 1,974 print newspapers, in 34,905 online newspapers and 2,574 blogs. We believe that direct and indirect control of the agenda by the state can be exercised by creating a network of events that will canalize correctly discussions about tragedies. We showed that ties between the tragedy and a network of other acute issues are more important than objective circumstances, such as the number of victims or a geography of the event. The context in which the events were looked at led to greater attention to the killing of the ambassador and less attention to surrogate alcohol poisoning. The Russian mass media paid significantly less attention to the Berlin terror attack, it yet was used as a supplement to the demonstration of importance of the fight against terrorism.

In Russia, the process of population aging has recently become the topic of many studies examining the socioeconomic characteristics, health status, and retirement behaviors of older people. Nonetheless, research on the life satisfaction of Russian seniors and its determinants is still rather scarce. Thus, identifying the factors of life satisfaction in old age could enable the development of a sound state policy towards the elderly and enhance the well-being of society as a whole. This paper explores the determinants of older adults’ life satisfaction using cross-sectional and panel data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE). Our research shows that for all Russian seniors (females over the age of 55 and males over the age of 60), the strongest and most common correlates of life satisfaction are: marital status, health status, social status, and personal income. We found significant gender differences in the factors of life satisfaction: an inverse U-shaped relation of age and life satisfaction is characteristic for the oldest females only; having a job and having a higher education enhances life satisfaction for women but not for men. The type of settlement and parental status have no correlation with seniors’ life satisfaction.

С начала рыночных реформ в России прошло 25 лет. В начале 1990-х годов Россия, как и другие постсоветские страны, прошла через период значительного снижения реальных доходов домохозяйств. За ним последовал рост благосостояния населения. Тем не менее, проблема неравенства доходов в России остаётся острой. Доля населения, живущего за чертой бедности, составляет около 10%, и этот показатель значительно варьируется по регионам и социо-демографическим группам. Бедность в России имеет определённую специфику: её риск особо присущ молодым работающим семьям с детьми. В данной работе мы анализируем эффективность детских пособий с различных точек зрения. Мы рассматриваем влияние пособий на бедность семей с детьми, используя концепции абсолютной, относительной и субъективной бедности. Наше исследование базируется на сводных и панельных данных Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ (RLMS-HSE) с 2003 по 2015 год. Мы оцениваем различные эконометрические модели влияния детских пособий на вероятность бедности. Другие, контрольные факторы, влияющие на риск бедности, включают в себя тип населённого пункта, структуру семьи, занятость и образование. Получившиеся результаты устойчивы и свидетельствуют о негативном влиянии детских пособий на риск абсолютной и относительной бедности домохозяйств. Однако субъективное восприятие бедности положительно связано с пособиями. Кроме того, наше исследование показывает утечки и значительные провалы в охвате системы детских пособий. Таким образом, исследование показывает низкую эффективность детских пособий в России и свидетельствует о необходимости улучшения их таргетирования