Семинар "Политическая экономика": Леонид Полищук о политической среде во время реформ

На семинаре "Политическая экономика" Леонид Полищук (ВШЭ) рассказал о том, как анализировать и оценивать различия между странами в экономическом неравенстве в посткоммунистическом регионе и неравномерность социальной поддержки рынка.

Тема: Post-Communist Transition as a Critical Juncture: Political Origins of Institutional and Cultural Bifurcation

соавтор Kharis Sokolov (University of Pennsylvania)

Аннотация:

Quarter of a century after market reforms, transition countries exhibit vastly different economic and political institutions. We trace these differences to the political environments at the time of reforms, when restriction of checks and balances was considered instrumental to expediting unpopular transformations and protecting the reforms from populist backlash. However, the representation vacuum at the critical juncture of post-communist transition was filled by narrow interests, which established extractive institutions serving the elites, instead of inclusive institutions, which are in broad societal interests. Choices made at critical junctures were pivotal for subsequent institutional trajectories, and extractive and inclusive regimes sustained themselves over long periods. We use the number of “veto players” in the early 1990s as a measure of political ‘plurality’ of post-communist transition, and show that it is a consistently strong predictor of institutional quality over the ensuing quarter of a century. We also demonstrate that the same transition plurality measure explains cross-country differences in economic inequality across the post-communist region, and uneven social support of market and democracy, indicating ongoing “institutional learning”. 

Совместный научный семинар "Политическая экономика" с Лабораторией исследования социальных отношений и многообразия общества РЭШ (ЛИСОМО РЭШ) и Международным центром изучения институтов и развития НИУ ВШЭ (МЦИИР ВШЭ) состоялся 16 апреля 2019г.

Руководитель семинара: А.В.Захаров (НИУ ВШЭ), К.И. Сонин (НИУ ВШЭ, The University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy)